"Colors Centers in Crystals." American Scientist 47, no. "Solarization Behavior of Manganese-containing Glass: An Experimental and Analytical Study." Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 9, no. "Solarized Glass." Accessed May 3, 2019.Ībd-Allah, Ramadan. Solarization can also cause permanent changes in the physical or mechanical properties of glass. For example, glass with a high lead content normally exhibits only small solarization effects. The influence that solarization has on the transmittance of visible light through glass depends on the glass type and its composition as well as on the wavelength of radiation. Background template with blurred, multicolor neon design inspired by Northern aurora borealis. These color-centers will lead to a reduced transmittance of light. Browse 380+ solarized stock photos and images available, or search for solarized people to find more great stock photos and pictures. Radiation such as UV light can generate defects in the crystalline structure of solids, called color-centers or F-centers, inducing color in transparent glass ( Gordon 1959). The optical properties of glass, especially the transmittance and transparency ratio, may also be changed by solarization. Other factors that can affect this color interaction include the presence of sulphur (SO 3+) and various transition metal ions at concentrations of 0.5% and above. High-energy radiation can again photo-oxidize Se 2+ and Ce 2+ to higher oxidation states. Just like manganese, selenium and cerium are reduced, during the decolorizing process, from Se 4+ to Se 2+ and from Ce 3+ to Ce 2+ respectively. For example, colors ranging from yellow to amber are said to be seen on glasses using selenium or cerium as decolorizers. The color of the solarized glass varies depending on the type of the decolorizers. However, after long exposure to UV light, Mn 2+ will be photo-oxidized to Mn 3+, which even in rather low concentrations, imparts a pinkish or purplish color to glass. The manganese oxidizes ferrous ions (Fe 2+) to ferric ions (Fe 3+), which has a yellowish color much less intense than the green color of Fe 2+, while itself being reduced to Mn 2+ and turning virtually colorless. One of the most common decolorizers is manganese dioxide (Mn 4+). To offset the greenish color and produce colorless glasses, decolorizers are added to a molten glass. Although silica itself is colorless, the iron impurity in the sand can impart a greenish tint to the final product. Most glasses contain silica introduced in the form of sand as a raw material. Irradiated glass, solarized glass, desert glass Image courtesy of the Society for Historical Archaeology, used under CC BY-NC 3.0 US. Originally colorless but now takes on a purplish color due to solarization. A solarized Johnson's Chill and Fever Tonic bottle (Savannah, GA) manufactured ca.
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